{"id":147,"date":"2022-12-19T22:26:36","date_gmt":"2022-12-19T21:26:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/?page_id=147"},"modified":"2023-02-07T09:21:49","modified_gmt":"2023-02-07T08:21:49","slug":"a-2-o-nexus-pristupe","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/a-2-o-nexus-pristupe\/","title":{"rendered":"O NEXUS pr\u00edstupe"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>V&nbsp;be\u017enej praxi sa stret\u00e1vame&nbsp; s t\u00fdm, \u017ee probl\u00e9my v&nbsp;oblasti \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia, \u00fazemn\u00e9ho rozvoja, v\u00fdstavby a&nbsp;zmien kl\u00edmy rie\u0161ime&nbsp; sektorovo, prostredn\u00edctvom sektorov\u00fdch strat\u00e9gi\u00ed, koncepci\u00ed a&nbsp;pr\u00edstupov. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina enviro-klimatick\u00fdch a&nbsp;hospod\u00e1rskych polit\u00edk sa v\u0161ak v&nbsp;re\u00e1lnej praxi stret\u00e1va v&nbsp;ter\u00e9ne, na p\u00f4de, na konkr\u00e9tnej parcele. Pozemok poskytuje v\u0161etky produk\u010dn\u00e9, ekosyst\u00e9mov\u00e9 alebo \u00fa\u017eitkov\u00e9 vlastnosti s\u00fa\u010dasne. Preto je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 monitorova\u0165 ako sa men\u00ed vyu\u017eitie p\u00f4dy, ak\u00fd je stav k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch ukazovate\u013eov zdravia p\u00f4dy a&nbsp;klimatickej stability, ako sa medziro\u010dne menia a&nbsp;ak\u00e9 s\u00fa ich bilan\u010dn\u00e9 dopady. Spolo\u010dn\u00fdm menovate\u013e prechodu na uhl\u00edkov\u00fa neutralitu je prechod na udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvanie pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch zdrojov, obnova biodiverzity a&nbsp;zabezpe\u010denie udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fdch cyklov, t. j. obehu vody, uhl\u00edka, \u017eiv\u00edn, ako aj udr\u017eate\u013enej a&nbsp;vyv\u00e1\u017eenej transform\u00e1cie a&nbsp;distrib\u00facie slne\u010dnej energie v&nbsp;krajine. <strong>K&nbsp;p\u00f4de, jej vyu\u017e\u00edvaniu a&nbsp;zmen\u00e1m jej vyu\u017eitia potrebujeme pristupova\u0165 komplexne.<\/strong> Potrebujeme ju vn\u00edma\u0165 aj v&nbsp;s\u00favislosti s&nbsp;obehom vody, vegeta\u010dn\u00fdm krytom, s&nbsp;jej vplyvom na formovan\u00ed kl\u00edmy, s&nbsp;v\u00fdrobou potrav\u00edn, v&nbsp;s\u00favislosti s&nbsp;tokmi energie v&nbsp;krajine. Tento komplexn\u00fd pr\u00edstup m\u00e1 pomenovanie NEXUS. Je to <strong>integrovan\u00fd, interdisciplin\u00e1rny pr\u00edstup, tie\u017e naz\u00fdvan\u00fd aj holistick\u00fd pr\u00edstup. <\/strong>Prejavom jeho uplat\u0148ovania je dobr\u00e1 medzirezortn\u00e1 a&nbsp;odborn\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ca. NEXUS pr\u00edstup je potrebn\u00e9 pretavi\u0165 do praxe. Osved\u010den\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom, ktor\u00fd zabezpe\u010duje presadzovanie komplexn\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu k&nbsp;p\u00f4de a&nbsp;vode do praxe je uplat\u0148ovanie z\u00e1sad integrovan\u00e9ho mana\u017ementu vodn\u00fdch zdrojov a&nbsp;p\u00f4dneho fondu pri povo\u013eovan\u00ed stavieb, pri pl\u00e1novan\u00ed aktiv\u00edt na miestnej \u00farovn\u00ed v&nbsp;krajine, pri zmene vyu\u017e\u00edvania p\u00f4dy a pozemkov, pri zmene mana\u017ementu da\u017e\u010fov\u00fdch v\u00f4d, v monitoringu zlo\u017eiek \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Komplexn\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ca expertn\u00fdch t\u00edmov, rezortov, s\u00fakromn\u00e9ho sektora, regi\u00f3nov, miest a&nbsp;obc\u00ed vedie aj k&nbsp;dobrej spolupr\u00e1ci v&nbsp;r\u00e1mci povod\u00ed, ale pri rie\u0161en\u00ed komplexn\u00fdch \u00faloh ako s\u00fa potravinov\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165, redukcia klimatick\u00fdch riz\u00edk, riz\u00edk povodn\u00ed a&nbsp;sucha, boj proti dezertifik\u00e1cii a&nbsp;obnova vodn\u00fdch krajiny, ochrana obnova biodiverzity a&nbsp;ekosyst\u00e9mov krajiny. Komplexn\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ca pri uplat\u0148ovan\u00ed pr\u00edstupu NEXUS vedie aj k&nbsp;dobrej medzin\u00e1rodnej spolupr\u00e1ci. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ochrana a&nbsp;dobr\u00e1 kvalita p\u00f4dy s\u00fa predpokladom dlhodob\u00e9ho udr\u017eania jej produk\u010dnej kapacity. Kvalitn\u00e1 p\u00f4da je v\u00fdrobn\u00fdm prostriedkom pre potravin\u00e1rsku a&nbsp;nepotravin\u00e1rsku produkciu, ako aj predpoklad udr\u017eania mimo-produk\u010dn\u00fdch funkci\u00ed p\u00f4dy a&nbsp;\u0161trukt\u00far krajiny, vr\u00e1tane jej biodiverzity. Jedn\u00fdm z&nbsp;d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch faktorov&nbsp;ochrany p\u00f4dy je aj kontrola agrochemik\u00e1li\u00ed, t.j. hnoj\u00edv, alebo pr\u00edpravkov na ochranu rastl\u00edn, pr\u00edpadne in\u00fdch l\u00e1tok, ktor\u00e9 v agr\u00e1rnom v\u00fdrobnom procese do p\u00f4dy vstupuj\u00fa. T\u00e1to kontrola je prioritne vykon\u00e1van\u00e1 za \u00fa\u010delom prevencie pred mo\u017en\u00fdm zne\u010disten\u00edm p\u00f4dy, ale aj in\u00fdch zlo\u017eiek \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia, kde&nbsp;spolu s monitorovan\u00edm spotreby hnoj\u00edv a&nbsp;pr\u00edpravkov na ochranu rastl\u00edn, v konfront\u00e1cii s&nbsp;kontrolou agrochemick\u00fdch parametrov p\u00f4dy, d\u00e1vaj\u00fa predpoklad \u00fa\u010dinnej ochrany p\u00f4dy. Potrebn\u00e9 je postupn\u00e9 posil\u0148ovanie vyu\u017e\u00edvania organick\u00fdch hnoj\u00edv a&nbsp;k&nbsp;tomu \u00famerne zni\u017eovanie spotreby priemyseln\u00fdch hnoj\u00edv.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Z tohto poh\u013eadu ku k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm ukazovate\u013eom zdravia p\u00f4dy a klimatickej stability patria:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>miera ro\u010dnej er\u00f3zie p\u00f4dy <\/strong>(t\/ha) a <strong>trvalej straty kvalitn\u00fdch p\u00f4d <\/strong>(z\u00e1bery p\u00f4d v ha); teraj\u0161iu vysok\u00fa er\u00f3ziu a z\u00e1bery p\u00f4dy je potrebne v\u00fdrazne redukova\u0165, dnes v niektor\u00fdch \u00fasekoch krajiny dosahuje er\u00f3zia a\u017e 20 t p\u00f4dy z hekt\u00e1ra \u00fazemia (\u010do je v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1\u0161ho z\u00e1kona zatia\u013e tolerovan\u00fd odnos), p\u00f4doochrann\u00e9 postupy maj\u00fa tento objem postupne zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 na \u00farove\u0148 okolo dvoch ton straty p\u00f4dy z hekt\u00e1ra p\u00f4dy za rok, ako navrhuje E\u00da<\/li>\n<li><strong>agrochemick\u00e9 parametre p\u00f4dy<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 zis\u0165ujeme prostredn\u00edctvom monitorovania stavu p\u00f4dnej reakcie, obsahu fosforu, drasl\u00edka, hor\u010d\u00edka a v\u00e1pnika, pr\u00edpadne aj in\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00edn. Dan\u00e9 sledovan\u00e9 agrochemick\u00e9 parametre p\u00f4dy maj\u00fa priamy s\u00favisiacich s p\u00f4dnou \u00farodnos\u0165ou, potravinovou sebesta\u010dnos\u0165ou, ako aj nutri\u010dnou kvalitou dopestovanej produkcie. Na druhej strane v\u00fdznamne vpl\u00fdvaj\u00fa na kvalitu \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia, obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 p\u00f4dna reakcia<\/li>\n<li><strong>podiel plo\u0161n\u00e9ho vegeta\u010dn\u00e9ho krytia p\u00f4dy po\u010das roka <\/strong>(trval\u00fd porast, krycie plodiny a zele\u0148, vr\u00e1tane krajinn\u00fdch prvkov, viacstup\u0148ovos\u0165 porastu), vegeta\u010dn\u00fd kryt \u00fazemia je potrebn\u00e9 maximalizova\u0165 z d\u00f4vodu ochrany p\u00f4dy ako aj z d\u00f4vodu intenzifik\u00e1cie procesu fotosynt\u00e9zy v krajine, \u010do je priazniv\u00e9 pre p\u00f4du, produkciu, kl\u00edmu aj biodiverzitu<\/li>\n<li><strong>podiel organick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu v p\u00f4de a jeho medziro\u010dn\u00e9 zmeny <\/strong>(podiel organick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu by sa mal postupne zvy\u0161ova\u0165 smerom aspo\u0148 k 3 %, ide\u00e1lne aj viac z objemovej hmotnosti p\u00f4dy; dnes je miera organick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu v p\u00f4de n\u00edzka, na ornej p\u00f4de v priemere len okolo 1,5-2,0 % organick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu)<\/li>\n<li><strong>vodoz\u00e1dr\u017en\u00e1 kapacita p\u00f4dy a \u0161trukt\u00fary krajiny <\/strong>na zadr\u017eanie, akumul\u00e1ciu a vsiaknutie da\u017e\u010fov\u00fdch v\u00f4d (v be\u017enej praxi t\u00e1to vodoz\u00e1dr\u017en\u00e1 kapacita \u00fazemia sa ka\u017edoro\u010dne zni\u017euje; regula\u010dn\u00fdmi opatreniami v oblasti v\u00fdstavby a obnovy stavieb, lep\u0161\u00edmi mana\u017ementov\u00fdmi opatreniami \u2013 agrotechnick\u00fdmi a lesotechnick\u00fdmi postupmi, ako aj realiz\u00e1ciou adapta\u010dn\u00fdch opatren\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 zastavi\u0165 tento medziro\u010dn\u00fd pokles a n\u00e1sledne zvy\u0161ova\u0165 jednorazovo vodoz\u00e1dr\u017en\u00fa kapacitu minim\u00e1lne o 50 m3 priemerne na ka\u017ed\u00fd hekt\u00e1r katastr\u00e1lneho \u00fazemia obce, n\u00e1sledne ju zvy\u0161ova\u0165 o \u010fal\u0161\u00edch 10 m3 na hekt\u00e1r \u00fazemia ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010fal\u0161\u00ed rok<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p><strong>Do zlep\u0161enia t\u00fdchto k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch ukazovate\u013eov <\/strong>(<em>zni\u017eovania er\u00f3znych procesov, zvy\u0161ovania podielu organickej hmoty v&nbsp;p\u00f4de,&nbsp; udr\u017eania rovnov\u00e1hy agrochemick\u00fdch parametrov p\u00f4dy, zvy\u0161ovania podielu vegeta\u010dn\u00e9ho krytia p\u00f4dy ako aj zvy\u0161ovania vodoz\u00e1dr\u017enej kapacity p\u00f4dy a&nbsp;\u0161trukt\u00far krajiny na opakovan\u00e9 zadr\u017eiavanie a&nbsp;zdr\u017eiavanie da\u017e\u010fov\u00fdch v\u00f4d<\/em>) <strong>je potrebn\u00e9 zainteresova\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdch u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov p\u00f4dy, majite\u013eov a&nbsp;spolumajite\u013eov pozemkov<\/strong> tak na po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej p\u00f4de, tak v&nbsp;lesoch, ako aj v&nbsp;zastavanom \u00fazem\u00ed. Vytvorenie Klimatick\u00e9ho fondu pre p\u00f4du,&nbsp;Informa\u010dn\u00e9ho a&nbsp;monitorovacieho syst\u00e9mu P\u00f4da, ako aj certifika\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu Uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 a&nbsp;vodn\u00e1 banka pom\u00f4\u017ee adresne a finan\u010dne efekt\u00edvne na\u0161tartova\u0165 zlep\u0161enie t\u00fdchto ukazovate\u013eov a plnenie dom\u00e1cich a&nbsp;medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch z\u00e1v\u00e4zkov v&nbsp;oblasti ochrany p\u00f4dy, vody a&nbsp;kl\u00edmy na synergickej b\u00e1ze.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V&nbsp;be\u017enej praxi sa stret\u00e1vame&nbsp; s t\u00fdm, \u017ee probl\u00e9my v&nbsp;oblasti \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia, \u00fazemn\u00e9ho rozvoja, v\u00fdstavby a&nbsp;zmien kl\u00edmy rie\u0161ime&nbsp; sektorovo, prostredn\u00edctvom sektorov\u00fdch strat\u00e9gi\u00ed, koncepci\u00ed a&nbsp;pr\u00edstupov. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina enviro-klimatick\u00fdch a&nbsp;hospod\u00e1rskych polit\u00edk sa v\u0161ak v&nbsp;re\u00e1lnej praxi stret\u00e1va v&nbsp;ter\u00e9ne, na p\u00f4de, na konkr\u00e9tnej parcele. Pozemok poskytuje v\u0161etky produk\u010dn\u00e9, ekosyst\u00e9mov\u00e9 alebo \u00fa\u017eitkov\u00e9 vlastnosti s\u00fa\u010dasne. Preto je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 monitorova\u0165 ako sa men\u00ed vyu\u017eitie&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-147","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/147","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=147"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/147\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":729,"href":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/147\/revisions\/729"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}