{"id":149,"date":"2022-12-19T22:26:53","date_gmt":"2022-12-19T21:26:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/?page_id=149"},"modified":"2023-02-07T09:22:08","modified_gmt":"2023-02-07T08:22:08","slug":"a-3-o-pode","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/a-3-o-pode\/","title":{"rendered":"O\u00a0p\u00f4de"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>P\u00f4da<\/strong>&nbsp;predstavuje z\u00e1kladn\u00fd prostriedok na v\u00fdrobu potrav\u00edn, rast biomasy a&nbsp;prostredie pre biodiverzitu. Cez p\u00f4du vstupuje do krajiny 100% v\u0161etk\u00fdch da\u017e\u010fov\u00fdch v\u00f4d. Kvalita p\u00f4dy, stav krajinn\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00far a&nbsp;sp\u00f4sob vyu\u017e\u00edvania a&nbsp;obhospodarovania p\u00f4dy predur\u010duj\u00fa mieru efekt\u00edvneho vyu\u017e\u00edvania disponibiln\u00fdch da\u017e\u010fov\u00fdch v\u00f4d, mieru a&nbsp;intenzitu povrchov\u00e9ho odtoku, mieru v\u00fdparu vody z&nbsp;krajiny a intenzitu fotosynt\u00e9zy. V\u00fdpar vody z&nbsp;krajiny prostredn\u00edctvom evapotranspir\u00e1cie \u00fa\u010dinne chlad\u00ed krajinu, podporuje rast rastl\u00edn a via\u017ee CO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;do p\u00f4dy. P\u00f4da spolu s&nbsp;vodou a&nbsp;veget\u00e1ciou v&nbsp;udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fdch cykloch obehu vody, uhl\u00edka, \u017eiv\u00edn a&nbsp;tokov slne\u010dnej energie formuje mikrokl\u00edmu prostredia. P\u00f4da je priestorom p\u00f4dnej biol\u00f3gie, je \u017eiv\u00edm organizmom. Je s\u00fa\u010dasne nosi\u010dom trval\u00e9ho \u010di do\u010dasn\u00e9ho vegeta\u010dn\u00e9ho krytu krajinu, lesnej a&nbsp;nelesnej drevinovej veget\u00e1cie, produk\u010dn\u00fdm priestorom rastlinnej a&nbsp;\u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161nej v\u00fdroby, i lesn\u00edctva. Pri mana\u017emente, obhospodarovan\u00ed, vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed p\u00f4dy a&nbsp;zmene jej vyu\u017e\u00edvania je potrebn\u00e9 udr\u017ea\u0165 tak produk\u010dn\u00e9, ako aj ekosyst\u00e9mov\u00e9 funkcie p\u00f4dy a&nbsp;krajiny. Ka\u017ed\u00fd meter \u0161tvorcov\u00fd p\u00f4dy, \u010di ka\u017ed\u00fd hekt\u00e1r p\u00f4dy poskytuje tieto funkcie s\u00fa\u010dasne. Produk\u010dn\u00e9 funkcie p\u00f4dy z\u00e1visia od udr\u017eania ekosyst\u00e9mov\u00fdch funkci\u00ed p\u00f4dy a&nbsp;\u0161trukt\u00far krajiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>P\u00f4da<\/strong>&nbsp;je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm prostred\u00edm ktor\u00e9 prep\u00e1ja p\u00f4dohospod\u00e1rske, klimatick\u00e9 a&nbsp;environment\u00e1lne politiky na \u00farovni E\u00da, n\u00e1rodnej, region\u00e1lnej a&nbsp;miestnej \u00farovni. Dobre vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fd mana\u017ement a&nbsp;vyu\u017e\u00edvanie p\u00f4dy umo\u017e\u0148uje udr\u017ea\u0165 produk\u010dn\u00fd potenci\u00e1l p\u00f4dy, realizova\u0165 udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 lesn\u00edctvo, zabezpe\u010di\u0165 n\u00edzku uhl\u00edkov\u00fa stopu p\u00f4dohospod\u00e1rstva, udr\u017ea\u0165 organick\u00fd materi\u00e1l v&nbsp;p\u00f4de, ale aj zabezpe\u010di\u0165 rast z\u00e1chytov CO<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;na p\u00f4de. Vy\u0161\u0161ie vyu\u017e\u00edvanie organick\u00fdch hnoj\u00edv, uplat\u0148ovanie princ\u00edpov a&nbsp;z\u00e1sad regenerat\u00edvneho po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva a zvy\u0161ovanie vodoz\u00e1dr\u017enej kapacity p\u00f4dy a&nbsp;krajiny zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu v&nbsp;ochrane uhl\u00edka v&nbsp;p\u00f4de a&nbsp;pri zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1chytov CO<sub>2<\/sub> na p\u00f4de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u00f4da s&nbsp;dobre vyvinutou organickou hmotou funguje ako \u017eiv\u00fd organizmus, ktor\u00fd tvor\u00ed s\u00favisl\u00fa vrchn\u00fa vrstvu povrchu krajiny. <strong>P\u00f4da je prostred\u00edm a&nbsp;vstupnou br\u00e1nou kolobehu vody vo svojich neust\u00e1lych cykloch.<\/strong> Stav vody v&nbsp;podzem\u00ed, p\u00f4de, ekosyst\u00e9moch i v&nbsp;krajine sa odv\u00edja od schopnosti p\u00f4dy prij\u00edma\u0165 da\u017e\u010fov\u00fa vodu a&nbsp;t\u00e1to schopnos\u0165 je exaktne merate\u013en\u00e1 a monitorovate\u013en\u00e1 objemovo, \u010dasovo a&nbsp;priestorovo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u00f4da s&nbsp;hojnos\u0165ou organickej hmoty <strong>vykazuje vysok\u00fa schopnos\u0165 da\u017e\u010fov\u00fa vodu absorbova\u0165, zdr\u017ea\u0165, vyu\u017ei\u0165 pre potreby \u017eivota v&nbsp;p\u00f4de,&nbsp;rastu \u00farodnosti p\u00f4dy pre bohat\u00fa veget\u00e1ciu na jej povrchu. <\/strong>Krajina s&nbsp;bohatou veget\u00e1ciou m\u00e1 stabiln\u00fd hydrologick\u00fd re\u017eim. Pedosf\u00e9ra, biosf\u00e9ra, hydrosf\u00e9ra, kryosf\u00e9ra a troposf\u00e9ra s\u00fa z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 prostredia Zeme spoluvytv\u00e1raj\u00face jej klimatick\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Voda a uhl\u00edk medzi nimi obiehaj\u00fa prostredn\u00edctvom vodn\u00e9ho cyklu a uhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho cyklu v neust\u00e1lej interakcii. P\u00f4da je nosi\u010dom vegeta\u010dn\u00e9ho krytu \u00fazemia. Z&nbsp;krajiny s&nbsp;dobrou \u0161trukt\u00farou, \u010dlenitos\u0165ou a&nbsp;zdravou p\u00f4dou odtekaj\u00fa len prebytky vody z&nbsp;nas\u00fdten\u00e9ho podlo\u017eia. <strong>P\u00f4da <\/strong>sa kontinu\u00e1lne podie\u013ea <strong>celou svojou plochou a profilom na <\/strong>hydrologickej transform\u00e1cii da\u017e\u010fov\u00fdch v\u00f4d a spolu s podzemn\u00fdmi vodami, p\u00f4dnou vodou a veget\u00e1ciou napom\u00e1haj\u00fa <strong>bioklimatick\u00e9mu chladeniu krajiny.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kult\u00farna krajina m\u00f4\u017ee vykazova\u0165 vysok\u00fa mieru ekologickej stability, ale rovnako aj <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eca.europa.eu\/Lists\/ECADocuments\/INSR21_20\/INSR_CAP-and-water_EN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">nestability <\/a>a degrad\u00e1cie. Intenzita degrad\u00e1cie sa odv\u00edja aj od schopnosti ekosyst\u00e9mov prij\u00edma\u0165 da\u017e\u010fov\u00fa vodu, ktor\u00e1 do krajiny vstupuje v&nbsp;nepretr\u017eitom kolobehu. Po\u0161koden\u00e1 vodoz\u00e1dr\u017en\u00e1 funkcia p\u00f4dy z\u00e1rove\u0148 oslabuje jej \u00farodnos\u0165 a schopnos\u0165 veget\u00e1cie sekvestrova\u0165 CO<sub>2<\/sub> a uchov\u00e1va\u0165 uhl\u00edk v&nbsp;p\u00f4de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>P\u00f4da je \u00falo\u017eiskom uhl\u00edka, \u017eiv\u00edn, miner\u00e1lnych l\u00e1tok a vody, ktor\u00fdch objem a pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 sa \u010dinnos\u0165ou \u010dloveka m\u00f4\u017ee udr\u017eiava\u0165, zvy\u0161ova\u0165 alebo zni\u017eova\u0165.<\/strong> Zni\u017eovanie obsahu uhl\u00edka, \u017eiv\u00edn a miner\u00e1lov, alebo stratu p\u00f4dy je v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e9 zastavi\u0165. <strong>P\u00f4du m\u00f4\u017eeme pova\u017eova\u0165 za uhl\u00edkov\u00fa, vodn\u00fa, biologick\u00fa a&nbsp;klimatick\u00fa banku krajiny<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010clovek svojou \u010dinnos\u0165ou zasahuje do uhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho a vodn\u00e9ho cyklu a&nbsp;t\u00fdm men\u00ed podmienky \u017eivota a vpl\u00fdva na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 hromadenie tepla v&nbsp;troposf\u00e9re. <strong>Tepeln\u00e9 ostrovy v&nbsp;po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej a&nbsp;urbanizovanej krajine<\/strong> <strong>s\u00fa znakom nedostatku p\u00f4dnej vody a&nbsp;r\u00fdchleho prehrievania krajiny<\/strong> (absencie dostatku vody, veget\u00e1cie a zdravia p\u00f4dy)<strong>.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Slne\u010dn\u00e1 energia sa vo vysu\u0161enej krajine s nedostatkom veget\u00e1cie dominantne men\u00ed na cite\u013en\u00e9 teplo a len v minim\u00e1lnej miere na latentn\u00e9, bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 teplo. Oproti krajine s dostatkom veget\u00e1cie, vody a zdravej p\u00f4dy (mokrade, rybn\u00edky, funk\u010dn\u00e9 lesy a zele\u0148, parky, krajinn\u00e9 prvky a pod.) sa tak uvo\u013en\u00ed v r\u00e1mci tepeln\u00fdch ostrovov troj a\u017e \u0161tvorn\u00e1sobne viac tepla zo slne\u010dnej energie (o 200 a\u017e 300 % viac cite\u013en\u00e9ho tepla) na tej istej plo\u0161nej v\u00fdmere.&nbsp; Voda pri svojom obehu vo vodnom cykle je hlavn\u00fdm nosi\u010dom \/ transport\u00e9rom tepla z povrchu krajiny do vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch vrstiev troposf\u00e9ry.<strong> Motorom vodn\u00e9ho cyklu je slne\u010dn\u00e1 energie a gravit\u00e1cia. <\/strong>Chladi\u010dom krajiny je funk\u010dn\u00e1 veget\u00e1cia, ide\u00e1lne viacstup\u0148ov\u00e1 a&nbsp;lesy, ktor\u00e9 intenzitu chladenia a&nbsp;v\u00fdparu reguluj\u00fa. Veget\u00e1cia je regula\u010dn\u00fdm ventilom chladenia krajiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm indik\u00e1torom <\/strong>pre integrovan\u00fd <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sim4nexus.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">pr\u00edstup <\/a>k ochrane p\u00f4dy a&nbsp;dosahovanie synergick\u00fdch efektov pri plnen\u00ed environment\u00e1lnych, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eca.europa.eu\/Lists\/ECADocuments\/SR21_20\/SR_CAP-and-water_EN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">potravinov\u00fdch <\/a>a klimatick\u00fdch cie\u013eov <strong>je stav vodoz\u00e1dr\u017enej kapacity p\u00f4dy a \u0161trukt\u00fary krajiny na opakovan\u00e9 zadr\u017eiavanie a zdr\u017eiavanie da\u017e\u010fov\u00fdch v\u00f4d.<\/strong> Sledovanie tohto indik\u00e1tora n\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed zisti\u0165, \u010di sa medziro\u010dne vodoz\u00e1dr\u017en\u00e1 kapacita p\u00f4dy v monitorovanom, sledovanom \u00fazem\u00ed zvy\u0161uje alebo zni\u017euje. <strong>V be\u017enej praxi pozorujeme najm\u00e4 jej s\u00fastavn\u00e9 medziro\u010dn\u00e9 zni\u017eovanie.<\/strong> Z&nbsp;tohto d\u00f4vodu, by malo by\u0165 verejn\u00fdm z\u00e1ujmom&nbsp; zastavenie tohto negat\u00edvneho trendu, stabiliz\u00e1cia a&nbsp;v&nbsp;neposlednom rade zv\u00fd\u0161enie vodoz\u00e1dr\u017enej kapacity p\u00f4dy, aby doch\u00e1dzalo k potrebnej regener\u00e1cii \u00farodnosti p\u00f4dy, k obnove ekosyst\u00e9mov krajiny a k zni\u017eovaniu riz\u00edk povodn\u00ed a sucha. <strong>Strategick\u00fdm cie\u013eom by malo by\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fdch 5 rokov zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 vodoz\u00e1dr\u017en\u00fa kapacitu p\u00f4dy a&nbsp;\u0161trukt\u00far krajiny o&nbsp;minim\u00e1lne 50 m<sup>3<\/sup> priemerne na hekt\u00e1r p\u00f4dy v&nbsp;Eur\u00f3pe.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 opatrenia, ktor\u00fdmi by sme mohli k&nbsp;tomuto cie\u013eu prispie\u0165 s\u00fa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a) zostavovanie<strong> pl\u00e1nov integrovan\u00e9ho mana\u017ementu da\u017e\u010fov\u00fdch v\u00f4d <\/strong>pre cel\u00e9 katastr\u00e1lne \u00fazemia, ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 Pl\u00e1nov integrovan\u00e9ho mana\u017ementu vodn\u00fdch zdrojov a&nbsp;p\u00f4dneho fondu obc\u00ed a&nbsp;ich katastr\u00e1lnych \u00fazem\u00ed;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b) pr\u00edprava a realiz\u00e1cia s\u00fastavy <strong>vodoz\u00e1dr\u017en\u00fdch a&nbsp;ozdravn\u00fdch opatren\u00ed v krajine<\/strong>;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c) <strong>zav\u00e1dzanie p\u00f4doochrann\u00fdch opatren\u00ed do praxe<\/strong> vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u010dastiach krajiny;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">d) aktualiz\u00e1cia podmienok pri rekon\u0161trukcii a povo\u013eovan\u00ed nov\u00fdch stavieb;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">e) obmedzovanie sp\u00f4sobov&nbsp;vyu\u017e\u00edvania p\u00f4dy a sp\u00f4sobov obhospodarovania lesov alebo po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskej p\u00f4dy, pri ktor\u00fdch doch\u00e1dza k er\u00f3zii p\u00f4dy, \u010di vysu\u0161eniu \u00fazemia;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">f) zvy\u0161ovanie podielu trval\u00e9ho alebo celoro\u010dn\u00e9ho vegeta\u010dn\u00e9ho krytu p\u00f4dy a&nbsp;krajiny;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">g) efekt\u00edvny informa\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m \u00fadajov vr\u00e1tane evidencie, monitoringu a&nbsp;vyhodnocovania \u00fa\u010dinnosti ozdravn\u00fdch adapta\u010dn\u00fdch a mana\u017ementov\u00fdch opatren\u00ed,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">h) <strong>monitoring k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch ukazovate\u013eov zdravia p\u00f4dy a&nbsp;klimatickej stability&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">i) podporn\u00e9 a motiva\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">j) in\u0161titucion\u00e1lna podpora opatren\u00ed,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">k) podpora a realiz\u00e1cia relevantn\u00e9ho v\u00fdskum, v\u00fdvoja vhodn\u00fdch technologick\u00fdch postupov a&nbsp;katal\u00f3gu opatren\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>Na realiz\u00e1ciu vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fdch opatren\u00ed MPRV SR vytvorilo koncept \u201eP\u00f4da \u2013 uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 a vodn\u00e1 banka krajiny\u201c, ktor\u00fdm roz\u0161iruje politiku ochrany p\u00f4dy o oblas\u0165 hodnotenia a financovania ekosyst\u00e9mov\u00fdch slu\u017eieb p\u00f4dy a krajiny. Na realiz\u00e1ciu tejto novej \u0161t\u00e1tnej politiky MPRV SR definovalo tri realiza\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>certifika\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m Uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 a vodn\u00e1 banka,<\/li>\n<li>jednotn\u00fd Informa\u010dn\u00fd a monitorovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m P\u00d4DA a<\/li>\n<li>Klimatick\u00fd fond pre p\u00f4du, ako nov\u00fd zdroj financovania klimatickej akcie na p\u00f4de.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Realiz\u00e1ciou novej \u0161t\u00e1tnej politiky v oblasti ochrany p\u00f4dy dok\u00e1\u017eeme zabezpe\u010di\u0165 plnenie medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch enviro-klimatick\u00fdch z\u00e1v\u00e4zkov, ako aj plnenie n\u00e1rodn\u00fdch z\u00e1v\u00e4zkov a polit\u00edk v oblasti ochrany p\u00f4dy, ochrany a obnovy vodn\u00fdch zdrojov, adapt\u00e1cie na zmeny kl\u00edmy, ochranu biodiverzity, potravinovej bezpe\u010dnosti, OZE a transform\u00e1cie na uhl\u00edkov\u00fa neutralitu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>P\u00f4da&nbsp;predstavuje z\u00e1kladn\u00fd prostriedok na v\u00fdrobu potrav\u00edn, rast biomasy a&nbsp;prostredie pre biodiverzitu. Cez p\u00f4du vstupuje do krajiny 100% v\u0161etk\u00fdch da\u017e\u010fov\u00fdch v\u00f4d. Kvalita p\u00f4dy, stav krajinn\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00far a&nbsp;sp\u00f4sob vyu\u017e\u00edvania a&nbsp;obhospodarovania p\u00f4dy predur\u010duj\u00fa mieru efekt\u00edvneho vyu\u017e\u00edvania disponibiln\u00fdch da\u017e\u010fov\u00fdch v\u00f4d, mieru a&nbsp;intenzitu povrchov\u00e9ho odtoku, mieru v\u00fdparu vody z&nbsp;krajiny a intenzitu fotosynt\u00e9zy. V\u00fdpar vody z&nbsp;krajiny prostredn\u00edctvom evapotranspir\u00e1cie \u00fa\u010dinne chlad\u00ed krajinu,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-149","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/149","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=149"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/149\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":484,"href":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/149\/revisions\/484"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=149"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}