{"id":153,"date":"2022-12-19T22:27:24","date_gmt":"2022-12-19T21:27:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/?page_id=153"},"modified":"2023-02-07T09:22:20","modified_gmt":"2023-02-07T08:22:20","slug":"a-5-o-klime","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/a-5-o-klime\/","title":{"rendered":"O\u00a0kl\u00edme"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Klimatick\u00fd syst\u00e9m Zeme je komplexn\u00fd glob\u00e1lny syst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd pozost\u00e1va z&nbsp;piatich hlavn\u00fdch zlo\u017eiek: atmosf\u00e9ry, hydrosf\u00e9ry, kryosf\u00e9ry, pedosf\u00e9ry, biosf\u00e9ry<\/strong> a&nbsp;ich vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdch vz\u0165ahov. Voda je spojovac\u00edm prvkom piatich hlavn\u00fdch zlo\u017eiek klimatick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, medzi ktor\u00fdmi neust\u00e1le cirkuluje. Uhl\u00edk je z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm stavebn\u00fdm prvkom \u017eiv\u00fdch organizmov a&nbsp;biosf\u00e9ry, rovnako cirkuluje v&nbsp;r\u00e1mci glob\u00e1lneho obehu uhl\u00edka. Slne\u010dn\u00e1 energia, ktor\u00e1 sa dost\u00e1va do hlavn\u00fdch zlo\u017eiek klimatick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu Zeme, spolu s gravit\u00e1ciou s\u00fa hnac\u00edm motorom meteorologick\u00fdch javov a&nbsp;klimatick\u00fdch procesov. V&nbsp;stabilnom klimatickom syst\u00e9me prebieha obeh vody, obeh uhl\u00edka, obeh \u017eiv\u00edn, transform\u00e1cia a&nbsp;distrib\u00facia slne\u010dnej energie v&nbsp;krajine a&nbsp;atmosf\u00e9re v&nbsp;udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fdch uzatvoren\u00fdch cykloch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jednou z&nbsp;naj\u010dastej\u0161ie diskutovan\u00fdch t\u00e9m t\u00fdchto rokov je <strong>zmena kl\u00edmy<\/strong>, <strong>zabezpe\u010denie potravinovej a&nbsp;energetickej bezpe\u010dnosti<\/strong>, prevencia konfliktov a&nbsp;h\u013eadanie sp\u00f4sobov redukcie riz\u00edk \u2013 povodn\u00ed, sucha, prehlbovania klimatickej zmeny. Popri mno\u017estve k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch soci\u00e1lno-hospod\u00e1rskych,&nbsp;administrat\u00edvnych a&nbsp;bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov (\u0161kolstvo, zdravotn\u00edctvo, d\u00f4chodkov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, p\u00f4dohospod\u00e1rstvo, verejn\u00e1 spr\u00e1va, obrana) do rozvoja vidieka, priemyslu a&nbsp;regi\u00f3nov cite\u013ene vstupuje po\u017eiadavka hospod\u00e1rskej transform\u00e1cie na uhl\u00edkov\u00fa neutralitu. Cie\u013e tejto transform\u00e1cie do roku 2050 je definovan\u00fd v&nbsp;Par\u00ed\u017eskom klimatickom dohovore (z roku 2015), ako aj v Eur\u00f3pskej zelenej dohode (z roku 2019). <strong>Transform\u00e1cia na uhl\u00edkov\u00fa neutralitu m\u00e1 zabezpe\u010di\u0165 bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00e9, soci\u00e1lne a&nbsp;hospod\u00e1rske prostredie<\/strong>. Cie\u013eom je udr\u017ea\u0165 zv\u00fd\u0161enie priemern\u00fdch glob\u00e1lnych tepl\u00f4t pod 1,5 st. Celzia, max. 2 st. Celzia v&nbsp;porovnan\u00ed s&nbsp;hodnotami s&nbsp;predindustri\u00e1lneho obdobia. Transform\u00e1cia na uhl\u00edkov\u00fa neutralitu je&nbsp; na jednej strane prechodom na udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 potravinov\u00e9, v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 a&nbsp;spotrebite\u013esk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, na druhej strane \u010dasov\u00fdm priestorom priemyselnej a technologickej transform\u00e1cie, celkovej \u00fazemnej transform\u00e1cie a adapt\u00e1cie na zmeny kl\u00edmy. Tieto transforma\u010dn\u00e9 procesy umo\u017enia zni\u017eova\u0165 uhl\u00edkov\u00fa stopu (v\u00fdroby, priemyslu, dopravy, vyu\u017e\u00edvania p\u00f4dy) a&nbsp;negat\u00edvne z\u00e1sahy do \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia. Maj\u00fa tie\u017e podpori\u0165 obnovu biodiverzity, ekosyst\u00e9mov krajiny, ekologickej stability, zlep\u0161enie zdravia p\u00f4dy, eliminova\u0165 rast riz\u00edk povodn\u00ed, sucha a&nbsp;extr\u00e9mov po\u010dasia. Na zabezpe\u010denie tejto zelenej transform\u00e1cie je prijat\u00fdch na n\u00e1rodnej a&nbsp;medzin\u00e1rodnej \u00farovni mno\u017estvo z\u00e1v\u00e4zkov, strat\u00e9gi\u00ed, z\u00e1konov a&nbsp;polit\u00edk.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u010clovek svojou \u010dinnos\u0165ou men\u00ed p\u00f4du, jej vyu\u017eitie, ovplyv\u0148uje a&nbsp;men\u00ed biosf\u00e9ru, men\u00ed odtokov\u00e9 pomery, p\u00f4dnu biol\u00f3giu, vegeta\u010dn\u00fd kryt, \u010d\u00edm doch\u00e1dza aj ku zmen\u00e1m schopnosti krajiny prirodzene sa chladi\u0165 veget\u00e1ciu a&nbsp;vodou, men\u00ed intenzitu a&nbsp;zlo\u017eenie emisi\u00ed, ako aj objem pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch z\u00e1chytov. Glob\u00e1lna odozva a&nbsp;stabilita klimatick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, pozost\u00e1va z&nbsp;miestnej a region\u00e1lnej odozvy a&nbsp;stability prostredia. Neust\u00e1lymi zmenami prostredia dlhodobo ovplyv\u0148ujeme parametre klimatick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, vpl\u00fdvame na kl\u00edmu, kl\u00edma sa men\u00ed. Ke\u010f&nbsp; men\u00edme prostredie men\u00edme aj obeh vody, obeh uhl\u00edka, obeh \u017eiv\u00edn, transform\u00e1ciu a&nbsp;distrib\u00faciu slne\u010dnej energie v&nbsp;krajine a&nbsp;atmosf\u00e9re. Uzatvoren\u00e9 a&nbsp;udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 cykly sa otv\u00e1raj\u00fa, dlhodobo a jednostranne. Zvy\u0161uje sa t\u00fdm nerovnov\u00e1ha a&nbsp;nestabilita klimatick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu Zeme&nbsp;s d\u00f4sledkami tak na glob\u00e1lnej, region\u00e1lnej, ako aj lok\u00e1lnej \u00farovni. Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 spolo\u010denstvo si uvedomuje glob\u00e1lne aj lok\u00e1lne d\u00f4sledky zmien kl\u00edmy, preto vyv\u00edja \u00fasilie na elimin\u00e1ciu nepriazniv\u00fdch trendov, na zni\u017eovanie klimatick\u00fdch riz\u00edk. V&nbsp;pr\u00edpade p\u00f4dy plat\u00ed, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd \u00fasek krajiny svoj\u00edm dielom, svojou ve\u013ekos\u0165ou, v\u00fdmerou sa podie\u013ea na raste stability, alebo raste riz\u00edk \u2013 povodn\u00ed a&nbsp;sucha.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Transform\u00e1cia na uhl\u00edkov\u00fa neutralitu znamen\u00e1, \u017ee n\u00e1rodn\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo ako celok m\u00e1 vyk\u00e1za\u0165 v\u00a0roku 2050 tvorbu emisi\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub> (a ekvivalentn\u00fdch plynov) nie vy\u0161\u0161iu, ako s\u00fa z\u00e1chyty t\u00fdchto plynov, najm\u00e4 CO<sub>2<\/sub>. Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed priestor pre z\u00e1chyty CO<sub>2<\/sub> predstavuje sektor vyu\u017e\u00edvania p\u00f4dy , zmien vyu\u017e\u00edvania p\u00f4dy a\u00a0lesn\u00edctva (skratka LULUCF). Ide najm\u00e4 o\u00a0prirodzen\u00e9 z\u00e1chyty CO<sub>2<\/sub> prostredn\u00edctvom fotosynt\u00e9zy, ktor\u00e1 transformuje CO<sub>2<\/sub> do podoby organick\u00e9ho uhl\u00edka, \u010di nadzemnej biomasy alebo do podoby p\u00f4dneho organick\u00e9ho uhl\u00edka. Osobitn\u00fdm a\u00a0mimoriadne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm pr\u00edspevkov na zn\u00ed\u017eenie emisi\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub> je ochrana existuj\u00faceho uhl\u00edka a\u00a0organick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu v\u00a0p\u00f4de. T\u00e1to ochrana m\u00e1 mnoho foriem, je to ochrana p\u00f4dy pred vodnou \u010di veternou er\u00f3ziou, \u010di dezertifik\u00e1ciou. Je to tie\u017e ochrana p\u00f4dy pred pe\u010daten\u00edm \u010di in\u00fdmi formami degrad\u00e1cie p\u00f4dy a\u00a0z\u00e1bermi kvalitn\u00fdch p\u00f4d. S\u00fa to aj udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 agrotechnick\u00e9 postupy a\u00a0udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e1 starostlivos\u0165 o\u00a0\u0161trukt\u00fary krajiny. <strong>P\u00f4da a jej udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvanie s\u00fa v\u00a0tomto pon\u00edman\u00ed garantom hospod\u00e1rskej transform\u00e1cie na uhl\u00edkov\u00fa neutralitu.<\/strong>\u00a0 V\u00a0sektore LULUCF m\u00e1me zabezpe\u010di\u0165, ako \u010dlensk\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t E\u00da, transform\u00e1ciu na uhl\u00edkov\u00fa neutralitu o\u00a015 rokov sk\u00f4r, a\u00a0to u\u017e do roku 2035. Jedin\u00fdm d\u00f4vodom kv\u00f4li ktor\u00e9mu bol stanoven\u00fd tento ambici\u00f3zny pl\u00e1n je ten, \u017ee sektor p\u00f4dy m\u00e1 najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed vn\u00fatorn\u00fd potenci\u00e1l a dynamiku tak na zv\u00fd\u0161enie z\u00e1chytov CO<sub>2<\/sub> ako aj na zn\u00ed\u017eenie emisi\u00ed CO<sub>2<\/sub>. To sa t\u00fdka aj cel\u00e9ho p\u00f4dohospod\u00e1rstva &#8211; hospod\u00e1rskych sektorov na p\u00f4de (lesn\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo, po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo, vodn\u00e9 hospod\u00e1rstvo, krajinn\u00e9 pl\u00e1novanie a\u00a0z\u00e1hradn\u00edctvo, sektor vyu\u017e\u00edvania p\u00f4dy).\u00a0 P\u00f4da a jej udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvanie s\u00fa garantom hospod\u00e1rskej transform\u00e1cie na uhl\u00edkov\u00fa neutralitu. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Klimatick\u00fd syst\u00e9m Zeme je komplexn\u00fd glob\u00e1lny syst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd pozost\u00e1va z&nbsp;piatich hlavn\u00fdch zlo\u017eiek: atmosf\u00e9ry, hydrosf\u00e9ry, kryosf\u00e9ry, pedosf\u00e9ry, biosf\u00e9ry a&nbsp;ich vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdch vz\u0165ahov. Voda je spojovac\u00edm prvkom piatich hlavn\u00fdch zlo\u017eiek klimatick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, medzi ktor\u00fdmi neust\u00e1le cirkuluje. Uhl\u00edk je z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm stavebn\u00fdm prvkom \u017eiv\u00fdch organizmov a&nbsp;biosf\u00e9ry, rovnako cirkuluje v&nbsp;r\u00e1mci glob\u00e1lneho obehu uhl\u00edka. Slne\u010dn\u00e1 energia, ktor\u00e1 sa dost\u00e1va do hlavn\u00fdch zlo\u017eiek&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-153","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/153","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=153"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/153\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":676,"href":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/153\/revisions\/676"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/in.vodapoda.eu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=153"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}